Medscape: 15 most influential physicians

Here are the 15 most influential physicians in history, selected by Medscape readers, according to a Medscape report:

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Al-Zahrawi (936-1013): A physician, surgeon and chemist Al-Zahrawi contributed to a number of specialties, including surgery and orthopedics.

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902): Rudolf Virchow made ground-breaking contributions to pathology and physiology as well as to public health and social reform.

Theodor Billroth (1829-1894): Theodor Billroth performed several surgical firsts, including partial gastrectomy, total laryngectomy, esophagectomy and subtotal colectomy.

William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922): William Stewart Halsted was the first to perform the Halsted operation for inguinal hernia repair and the plate-and-buried-screw technique for long-bone fractures.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934): Santiago Ramón y Cajal studied the brain and nervous system, and his work helped lay the foundation for modern neuroanatomy.

Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965): A physician and a philosopher, Albert Schweitzer dedicated his life to providing care in Africa.

Frederick Banting (1891-1941): Frederick Banting co-discovered insulin and was a physician, surgeon and soldier.

Charles Best (1899-1978): Charles Best collaborated with Frederick Banting to discover insulin.

Charles Drew (1904-1950): A hematologist, Charles Drew conceived and established the country’s first large-scale blood bank.

Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (1905-1993): Severo Ochoa de Albornoz won a Nobel Prize with Arthur Kornberg “for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.”

Michael DeBakey (1908-2008): Michael DeBakey was the first to perform endarterectomy and treatments for aortic aneurysms, and he invented tools and procedures that shaped techniques in cardiovascular surgery.

Jacinto Convit García (1913-2014): Jacinto Convit García focused on finding a cure for leprosy as well as made contributions to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

W. Proctor Harvey (1918-2007): W. Proctor Harvey was a clinical cardiologist and gained an international reputation as a leader in auscultation of the heart.

Donald N. Ross (1922-2014): Donald Ross developed the pulmonary autograft (Ross) procedure, an early heart/lung bypass machine as well as several other cardiovascular surgical procedures.

René Gerónimo Favaloro (1923-2000): A pioneering cardiologist, René Gerónimo Favaloro introduced coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the clinical arena.

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