Hospital employment rates vary dramatically by specialty, from nearly 79% in hematology and oncology to under 27% in podiatry, according to 2026 Trilliant Health data.
The pattern reflects a clear divide between procedural and hospital-based specialties, which cluster toward employment, and office-based specialties, which are more likely to remain independent.
Most hospital-employed specialties:
- Hematology and oncology: 78.8%
- General surgery: 77.8%
- Cardiology: 77.4%
- Neurology: 75.6%
- Neurological surgery: 74.8%
- Endocrinology: 73.5%
- Radiology: 73.2%
- Vascular surgery: 72.3%
- Infectious disease: 72.1%
- Pulmonology/critical care: 72.1%
Near the national average (59.4%):
- Radiation oncology: 67.3%
- Urology: 64.4%
- OB-GYN: 64.1%
- Gastroenterology: 63.0%
- Rheumatology: 61.9%
- Pediatrics: 60%
- Primary Care: 58%
- ENT/Otolaryngology: 56.6%
Least hospital-employed specialties:
- Orthopedics: 53.5%
- Plastic surgery: 51.2%
- Psychiatry: 48.6%
- Nephrology: 46.9%
- Physical medicine, rehab and pain management: 45.5%
- Allergy and immunology: 41.5%
- Dermatology: 32%
- Ophthalmology: 30.9%
- Podiatry: 26.9%
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